Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance

Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance makes the point that quality is relative rather than absolute. Pirsig explores the notion that what is deemed valuable may differ from culture to culture or even from person to person

The Prince by Niccolò Machiavelli

The Prince discusses the value of character in leadership in addition to emphasizing the use of trickery and manipulation. According to Machiavelli, a strong character is the only way for a leader to be able to instill trust and loyalty in their followers.

The Critique of Pure Reason by Immanuel Kant

In the Critique of Pure Reason, Kant develops a framework wherein he argues that a priori knowledge, which is knowledge independent of experience, is possible. This sets him apart from philosophers such as Locke and Hume, who argued that all knowledge is derived from experience.

Being and Nothingness by Jean-Paul Sartre

The idea of existential angst is one of the most profound effects of Sartre’s existentialist theories. This sense of dread, despair, and alienation from the human condition is a direct result of the realization that although people have complete freedom to choose what to do with their lives and how to live them, they will ultimately die and have to take responsibility for their decisions.

Beyond Good And Evil by Friedrich Nietzsche

Beyond Good and Evil by Friedrich Nietzsche is a potent examination of how morality affects the choices we make. He held that moral principles should be assessed in light of the circumstances and eras in which they are found because they are not absolute.